The concept of parental alienation was first put forth by Dr. Richard Gardner in 1985. Parental alienation primarily occurs during a high-conflict divorce in which the child identifies strongly with ...

While parental alienation is most usually discussed as a cause of adult child-parent estrangement, I think it's more productive and accurate to see it as a form of verbal abuse and a manipulative ...

Regardless of their configuration, families are the fundamental social foundation in every society. Indeed, both scholars and the average person consider family relationships as some of the most ...