Carbon and oxygen have a high absorption contrast. This is used to study biological and mineral samples via the “water window“, which has a spectral range between λ = 2.3 – 4.4 nm. Transmission X-ray ...

This article offers an overview of spinning disk confocal laser microscopy and explains why it is more beneficial than confocal microscopy. In traditional widefield optical microscopy, the sample is ...

The mechanism of a confocal laser scanning microscope is to irradiate an object with a laser beam emitted from a light source, scan the entire object in two directions, the X-axis and the Y-axis, and ...

Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM or LSCM) is a valuable tool for obtaining high resolution images and 3-D reconstructions. The key feature of confocal microscopy is its ability to produce blur ...

When one thinks about microscopy, it seems to be mostly qualitative. Looking at a slide teeming with bacteria or protozoans is less about making measurements and more about recognizing features and ...

We’ve all likely seen the amazing images possible with a scanning electron microscope. An SEM can yield remarkably detailed 3D images of the tiniest structures, and they can be invaluable tools for ...

Imagine a relatively small sub-$100 microscope that can probe the food on your plate (or the blood pumping through your body) using a laser instead of lenses. Also: it’s capable of using that laser to ...

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Fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM) with 5 different laser excitation lines, fluorescence microscopy, fluorescence confocal polarizing microscopy (FCPM), polarizing microscopy (PM), high-speed PM ...