Every aspect of an engine is a compromise: torque for horsepower, efficiency for emissions, performance for fuel economy, compression for octane tolerance. During the evolution of the internal ...

Directional-control valves are common in pneumatic systems. They control compressed-air flow to cylinders, rotary actuators, grippers, and other mechanisms in packaging, handling, assembly, and ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. Today’s manufacturers routinely demand exacting precision and split-second timing from their high-speed production ...

Without variable valve timing, these intake and exhaust valves would operate in the same manner regardless of the engine’s RPM (revolutions per minute) speed or the driving environment. This isn’t ...