Type 2 diabetes alters the behavior of discs in the vertebral column, making them stiffer, and also causes the discs to change shape earlier than normal. As a result, the disc's ability to withstand ...

Common types of spine surgery include laminectomy, vertebroplasty, and spinal fusion. Certain procedures are better suited for certain types of damage. There are many types of spine surgery, but most ...

Cervical stenosis is the narrowing of the vertebral canal in the neck. It is a common cause of neck pain and is more common in elderly patients. Up to 26% percent of people over the age of 64 may have ...

The following represents disclosure information provided by authors of this manuscript. All relationships are considered compensated unless otherwise noted. Relationships are self-held unless noted. I ...

An epidural headache is a headache that can occur after an epidural injection. It’s also known as a post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) or a spinal headache. While you may think of childbirth when you ...

Cervical stenosis (CS) is the medical term for the narrowing of the spinal canal in the cervical or “neck” region of the spine. In CS, the upper part of the spinal canal becomes narrowed, compressing ...