The sol-gel synthesis process begins with the preparation of a sol, where metal or metalloid precursors are dissolved in a solvent. These precursors undergo hydrolysis and polymerization reactions, ...
The sol-gel process is a widely used method for synthesizing nanoparticles with precise control over size, shape, and composition. This method converts a liquid precursor, or "sol," into a solid gel ...
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes have emerged as a versatile nanomaterial platform for energy conversion and storage technologies. Typically fabricated by electrochemical anodization of titanium in ...